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A region of north-east Italy, bordering with Austria to the north and Yugoslavia to the east and south-east, to the south it lies on the Adriatic and borders with Venetia to the west and south-west. Until 1947, this area was known as Venezia Giulia.

At the end of the Second World War, it underwent great changes following the transfer of the Fiume and Pola provinces and of wide parts of the areas of Gorizia and Trieste to Yugoslavia.

By the Agreement stipulated in 1954, the `A area' of the Free Territory of Trieste passed to Italian administration, a passage ratified in 1975 by the Treaty of Osimo, which officially recognized the `B area' as part of Yugoslavia.

As regards particular historical events, the problems connected with the new eastern border and its complex ethnical composition, led to Friuli-Venezia Giulia being recognized as an autonomous Province with a special statute.

History. From a morphological point of view, Friuli-Venezia Giulia can be divided into two parts: a mountainous area to the north (Carnia) and a plain to the south. The mountainous area includes the southern side of the Carnic Alps (Mount Coglians, 2,780 m.) and the western section of the Julian Alps (Jôf di Montasio, 2,754 m.). South of the long Tagliamento-Fella-Resia valley lie the Prealps of Friuli, transversely divided by the Tagliamento river into the Carnic and Julian Prealps. To the south lies the low marly-arenaceous sub-alpine hills and then the wide Friuli plain, divided into high permeable level ground and a stony low impermeable plain separated by a line of springs. The coastline is low to the west, where the lagoons of Merano and Grado open, but highland craggy to the east, where the mountains of the `Triestino' Karst stetch steeply as far as the sea.

The chief river is the Tagliamento, into which flow the waters of the Fella; its last stretch marks the boundary with Venetia. The rivers that rise on the south side of the Prealps, the Livenza, Cellina, Meduna, Arzino, Torre, Natisone and the Iudrio, are smaller. Special mention must be made of the Isonzo and Timavo rivers, of which only the lower course belongs to this region.

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